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UPS的电磁兼容设计标准

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发表于 2007-10-19 11:04:02 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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  <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一、<span style="COLOR: black">UPS的电磁兼容特性</span></span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">随着人类对电磁波的不断开发和利用,人们越来越注意到电磁波在造福人类的同时,也存在着危害的一面,因而,近年来在发达的国家和地区都相继规定了相关的电磁兼容标准,也出现了很多国际著名的电磁兼容认证机构,例如,销售到欧洲的电子产品必须通过<span>CE认证,美国则要求通过FCC认证,中国目前逐步要求通过CEMC认证等。</span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">作为信息时代<span>IT产品电源保护的不间断电源(UPS),它是集自动控制技术、电力电子技术为一体的高功率密度的电源产品,本身既是一个大的电磁波发射源,可能对周围的环境和设备产生电磁干扰,同时自身的控制系统又可能受到周围电磁环境干扰,使UPS工作故障甚至损坏。所以,高质量的UPS必须具有良好的电磁兼容特性。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">二、与<span>UPS电磁兼容相关的标准和要求</span></span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span></strong>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">针对<span>UPS的电磁兼容特性,目前的相关标准主要有国际无线电干扰特别委员会的CISPR22-1997《信息设备的无线电骚扰的测量方法和限值》和CISPR-24-1997《信息设备的抗扰度测量方法和限值》,欧洲的EN50091-2(1995)《UPS的EMC要求》,我国与CISPR标准相关的有GB9254-1998《信息设备的无线电骚扰的测量方法和限值》和GB/T17618-1998《信息设备抗扰度限值和测量方法》。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">虽然标准不同,但是它们都是以<span>CISPR为依据的,因此标准的基本限值是相同的,对UPS主要的要求具体如下:</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1&#46; 输入电源端子的传导骚扰限值</span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></strong>&nbsp; <div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 21pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"><tbody><tr style="page-break-inside: avoid"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 81&#46;4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="109"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">限值级别<span></span></font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 161&#46;8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="216" colspan="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">A级</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 161&#46;9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="216" colspan="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">B级</font></span></td></tr><tr style="page-break-inside: avoid"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 81&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="109" rowspan="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">频率范围<span></span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">MHz</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 161&#46;8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="216" colspan="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">限值,<span>dBuv</span></font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 161&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="216" colspan="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">限值,<span>dBuv</span></font></span></td></tr><tr style="page-break-inside: avoid"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">准峰值<span></span></font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">平均值<span></span></font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">准峰值<span></span></font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">平均值<span></span></font></span></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 81&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="109"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">0&#46;15—0&#46;5</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">79</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">66</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">66—56</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">56—46</font></span></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 81&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="109"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">0&#46;5—5</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">73</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">60</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">56</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">46</font></span></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 81&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="109"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">5—30</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">73</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">60</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">60</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 80&#46;95pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="108"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">50</font></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left">&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上表为国标和<span>CISPR标准内容,限值没有考虑UPS的容量,有明显不合理的地方;而在欧标EN59001-2中则按UPS的功率容量区分为两种限值,即</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">25A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">电流以下的和</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">25A</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以上的限值不同,相对比较合理。对于辐射骚扰限值,也存在相同的情况,下面<span>2中的限值也是国标和CISPR的要求。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2&#46; 辐射骚扰限值(</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">10m</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></strong>&nbsp; <div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 21pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"><tbody><tr style="page-break-inside: avoid"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 135&#46;8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="181" rowspan="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">频率<span></span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">MHz</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 269&#46;3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="359" colspan="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">准峰值<span>dB(uv/m)</span></font></span></td></tr><tr style="page-break-inside: avoid"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 134&#46;65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="180"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">A级</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 134&#46;65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="180"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">B级</font></span></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 135&#46;8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="181"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">30—230</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 134&#46;65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="180"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">40</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 134&#46;65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="180"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">30</font></span></td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 135&#46;8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="181"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">230—1000</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 134&#46;65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="180"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">47</font></span></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5&#46;4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5&#46;4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 134&#46;65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="180"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font size="3">37</font></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left">&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如果采用</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3 m</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">法测试,则根据相关公式可知,上述数值全部加上<span>10。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3&#46; 其它相关要求</span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></strong>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">电池端骚扰:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于<span>UPS的电池端骚扰,可以将它当作UPS系统的组成部分,所有UPS的测试指标是基于UPS系统的,因此可以不单独考虑;</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">通讯接口骚扰:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于<span>UPS的通讯接口骚扰,一般与强电信号无直接关系,较易符合相关要求,这里就没有给出具体的限值;详细要求可以查找相关的标准。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">输出电源端骚扰:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于<span>UPS的输出电源端子的传导骚扰,目前的<span style="COLOR: black">国标和CISPR标准</span>没有给出很明确的要求,通常做法是采用输入电源端子的骚扰限值,但测试方法有些差异;而在欧洲标准中,则明确规定为输入电源端子的限值加上14dB,相对松一些。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">三、<span>UPS的电磁兼容符合性设计</span></span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span></strong>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">根据多年来人们对电磁兼容的研究和实践的经验表明,假定在产品开发阶段解决电磁兼容问题的费用为<span>1,则在型号研制阶段解决需要的费用可能为10,到批量生产时解决需要的费用可能达100,到现场安装时解决需要的费用可能上千倍或者无法解决。因此,UPS电磁兼容的问题必须在产品的开发阶段解决。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 针对<span>UPS的产品特点,UPS的电磁兼容主要包含以下几个部分:电源的输入、输出传导干扰;电源的辐射骚扰;UPS的抗干扰特性。下面逐项阐述达到相关标准要求的设计方法。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1&#46; 输入、输出传导干扰的抑制</span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></strong>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">针对传导骚扰,可以从三个方面来考虑:干扰源、传导途径和直接的骚扰抑制。</span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><strong><span></span></strong></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(1)干扰源的消除和降低</span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在<span>UPS中有整流的AC/DC变换,有SPWM逆变的DC/AC逆变器,有PFC的高频变换电路,有DC/DC变换的回路,这些都是UPS内重要的骚扰源,尤其是其中的变压器、电感、高频电流回路,因此,合理地设计相应变压器和电感的参数、加工工艺和在整机中的布局将可能大幅度降低它们的骚扰强度,合理地设计高频电流的PCB、布线也可以改善UPS的骚扰;对于功率变换器中的驱动电路,可以在不影响效率和内阻的情况下加大驱动电阻,增加开关电源的上升、下降沿时间,从而减少电压、电流的高频谐波含量。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span><span style="COLOR: red"></span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(2)传导途径的抑制</span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">由于所有的传导干扰只有通过适当的空间和导体途径才可能作用到<span>UPS的输入、输出电源端子,因此,尽量减少传递的途径也是减低UPS骚扰的有效方法。例如,将所有的干扰源安装在离输入、输出端子较远的位置,输入、输出的电源线不从干扰源附近走线,在干扰源的进出位置加强抑制处理,通过屏蔽手段将干扰源和其它部分进行空间隔离,电源的输入、输出等分别在整机的相对较远位置等。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(3)直接的骚扰抑制</span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于采用上述方法后仍然无法符合标准要求的情况,直接在输入、输出回路采用相应的<span>EMI滤波器件,如电感、高频电容、专用滤波器等将可以再次有效压低UPS整机对外的传导干扰,实践表明,只要适当加大滤波器的相关参数和衰减的DB值,一般都可以将UPS的传导骚扰压低到标准的限值以内。当然,滤波器的安装必须越靠近输入、输出电源端子越好,因为即使是多几厘米长的接线也会增大干扰,插座式的滤波器将是最为理想的选择。另外,在滤波器中的电容或外加的EMI滤波电容最好是无感的,以增强滤波效果。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span><span style="COLOR: red"></span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2&#46; 整机辐射干扰的抑制</span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></strong>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于<span>UPS的辐射干扰,主要有两种方法:辐射源的强度抑制和辐射途径的处理。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(1)辐射源的抑制</span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在<span>UPS中,辐射源的辐射强度抑制方法基本同传导的处理相同,因为干扰源本身即有传导骚扰又有辐射骚扰;另外,对于辐射骚扰,对辐射源采取适当的屏蔽措施将可十分有效地降低辐射干扰的电平和能量。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(2)辐射途径的处理</span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">整机外壳的等电位设计:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">根据电磁场原理,一个接地良好理想密闭的金属六面壳体的内外电磁场不存在相互干扰,因此<span>UPS的外壳一般应作成金属的,且各个面之间应良好连接,保证为一个等电势体,这样即可十分有效减弱UPS对外的辐射干扰。一般对于电磁兼容要求严格的场合,UPS的壳体不宜采用塑料制作。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">进出<span>UPS壳体连线的处理:</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">由于<span>UPS必须有输入、输出电源端子、电池扩展端子等连线进出UPS的外壳,因此这些线的防骚扰处理将十分重要,直接影响到测试的结果能否符合标准要求。一般在这些线上适当地加些高频磁环和高频电容就会有很好的效果。</span></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span>&nbsp; <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">四、结束语</span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span></span></span></strong>&nbsp;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">由上述的讨论可知,<span>UPS电磁兼容特性极为重要,且只有在产品的设计早期采取有效的预防措施,才有可能以较低成本使UPS的电磁兼容特性符合相关标准的要求。</span></span>
发表于 2009-11-24 14:50:26 | 显示全部楼层
EN50091-2 已於2008年實施廢止改由EN62040-2:2006取代
其法規差異不小, 如下簡述
EMI包含
-- 限制分類(Class B --&gt; C1, Class A --&gt; C2, 大於16A --&gt; C3.......)
-- 新增C3 Radiated限制線

EMS包含
-- 針對C1, C2各分等級及最低要求
-- 新增IEC61000-4-6, IEC61000-4-8, IEC61000-4-11等
发表于 2009-12-25 18:53:11 | 显示全部楼层
豁然開朗
一直看不懂資料

感謝 [s:11]  [s:9]
发表于 2009-12-29 21:50:38 | 显示全部楼层
特别谢谢哦。我是以前在山特做新测试的,对这方面不了解
发表于 2009-12-30 13:51:54 | 显示全部楼层
感恩喔,又讓我見識不少
发表于 2010-1-3 13:06:40 | 显示全部楼层
[s:9]  [s:9]  [s:9] 好东西啊  呵呵
发表于 2010-3-30 21:41:14 | 显示全部楼层
升级成中班了
发表于 2011-4-26 14:08:17 | 显示全部楼层
长见识

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