上海磁悬浮沿线房价不升反降|电磁辐射污染标准亟待出台

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  <p>国家环保总局专家指出，我国至今并未出台磁感应强度的正式标准。上海环科院所提出的“标准限值”100μ/T，实际上仅是国家环保总局的“推荐值”。这堪称全球最为宽松的“标准”——按照这一标准，人们即使是站在50万伏的高压线底下，磁感应强度亦不会超标。在磁悬浮项目中，如果将100μ/T作为标准，就根本不需要设立防护带了。</p><p>　　近日，上海市民以“散步”形式集聚人民广场、南京路等地，表达对新建磁悬浮电磁污染的担忧。“散步”者主要为磁悬浮线路“优化”后所涉及的居民。此前，因为受到原线路居民的反对（亦有说法是投资方出于降低拆迁成本考虑），磁悬浮线路被迫更改。然而“优化”线路出台之后，沿线居民以同样的理由予以质疑。据悉，与地铁等公共交通项目相反，修建磁浮消息传出之后，沿线房价不升反降。</p><p>　　事件涉及居民主要集中于上海市闵行区。而就在不久前，距离磁悬浮线路最近处约三公里处，因为修建高压线问题，闵行区数百名居民亦曾聚集抗议。究其因，仍是居民对高压线电磁污染充满担忧。</p><p>　　本报记者采访发现，本身即作为新生事物的磁悬浮交通，其所衍生的电磁污染问题亦难找到明确答案。</p><p>　　今天，电磁污染已经成为城市建设中不可回避的问题。如何以令人信服的方式回应民意，进而在经济发展与人民健康之间找到平衡点，成为摆在上海市主政者面前一道全新的课题。</p><p>　　事件起缘于上海市环境科学研究院就磁悬浮上海机场联络线所公示的环评报告。公示日期截至1月15日。有居民据此以为，公示结束之时，即为磁悬浮动工之日，由此产生恐慌心理，故相约以“散步”形式抗议。后上海市政府新闻发言人及时澄清，声明磁悬浮建设仍处在征求意见阶段，事态方得以化解。</p><p>　　环评报告中，对电磁场影响部分所作描述极为有限，其主要部分为：在200km/h时速下，车厢外5m处电场强度约为0&#46;000318kV/m(标准限值为4kV/m)、磁感应强度约为1&#46;28μ/T(标准限值100μ/T——μ/T为微特斯拉，磁感应强度单位)，均远低于相应标准，与环境背景水平一致。</p><p>　　以上专业化描述少有市民读懂。但从中亦能看出，报告不认为磁悬浮线路存在电磁污染问题。而上海市环保局局长张全此间对媒体明确表示，已经科学论证，磁悬浮的辐射影响非常小，3至5米内检测到的辐射量很有限，3至5米外基本没有辐射。</p><p>　　然而上述说法却遭到沿线居民的普遍质疑。他们认为目前决策机制下，上海环科院和上海环保局均未必能对磁悬浮电磁污染问题作出科学独立的判断。</p><p>　　电磁辐射会对人身健康产生影响，这已为国际学界所公认。但影响方式、影响程度以及防范办法，却难以得出公论。</p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><a href="http://www&#46;emcgarden&#46;net/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span lang="EN-US">电磁兼容</span></span>(EMC)<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span lang="EN-US">和电磁干扰</span></span>(EMI)<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span lang="EN-US">学习园地</span></span></a>( <a href="http://www&#46;emcgarden&#46;net/">http://www&#46;emcgarden&#46;net</a> )</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">学习各种电磁兼容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(EMC)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">设计整改经验知识以及各种电磁干扰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">(EMI)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">解决措施，到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><a href="http://www&#46;studyemc&#46;net/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span lang="EN-US">电磁兼容</span></span>(EMC)<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span lang="EN-US">和电磁干扰</span></span>(EMI)<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span lang="EN-US">下载园地</span></span></a>( <a href="http://www&#46;studyemc&#46;net/">http://www&#46;studyemc&#46;net</a> )</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">下载各种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">EMC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">标准和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">EMC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">资料以及安规防雷静电放电</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">ESD</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12&#46;0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1&#46;0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等资料。</span></p><p>　　磁悬浮对人身所产生影响，取决于电场强度和磁感应强度两项指标。通常而言，电场强度对人体影响较为有限，通常不会超标。争议在于磁感应强度。据有关专家介绍，近年来，大量研究表明人体特别是儿童所处的磁场感应强度大小与健康密切相关。从1973年到1995年,瑞士曾对16岁以下少年儿童进行过一项研究，结果表明，沿200KV至400KV高压输电线500m范围内居住1-25年的所有居民，总共为50万人，肿瘤，特别是儿童白血病的发生与高压电线磁场有直接关系，电磁场强度每高出0&#46;3-0&#46;4μ/T,致病概率就高出3倍之多。</p>