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PCB-POWER-SUPPLY-DESIGN2

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发表于 2007-9-27 13:22:01 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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  <div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 135pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-top-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="180" border="1"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-TOP: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 3&#46;35pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-LEFT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #86b9d6 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter" /><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0" /><f eqn="sum @0 1 0" /><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1" /><f eqn="prod @2 1 2" /><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth" /><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight" /><f eqn="sum @0 0 1" /><f eqn="prod @6 1 2" /><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth" /><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0" /><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight" /><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0" /></formulas><path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f" /><lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit" /></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="WIDTH: 375pt; HEIGHT: 231&#46;75pt" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:href="http://www&#46;eetchina&#46;com/ARTICLES/2006MAY/B/0605B_DC1_F4&#46;JPG" src="file:///COCUME~1HEJUNP~1LOCALS~1Tempmsohtml1clip_image001&#46;jpg" /></shape><p /></span></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 3&#46;35pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-LEFT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #86b9d6 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">图</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">4</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">:三种设置情况下</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> PowerSI</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">计算得到的</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">CB</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">输入阻抗曲线。</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(a)</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">不包含电源整流模块;</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(b)</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">包含电源整流模块;</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(c)</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">包含电源整流模块和一些去耦电容。</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><p /></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">在交流分析中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">CB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的电源地阻抗谐振是个特有的现象。图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">展示了一对电源板层的输入阻抗。为了比较,图中还画了一个纯电容和一个纯电感的阻抗特性。板的尺寸是</span><chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="30" unitname="cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">30cm</span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">×<chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="20" unitname="cm">20cm</chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,板间间距是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">100um</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,填充介质是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">FR4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">材料。板上的电源整流模块用一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3nH</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的电感来代替。显示纯电容阻抗特性的是一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">20nF</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的电容。从图上可以看出,在板上没有电源整流模块时,在几十兆的频率范围内,平板的阻抗特性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">红线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">和电容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">蓝线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">一样。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">100MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">以上,平板的阻抗特性呈感性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">沿着绿线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。到了几百兆的频率范围后,几个谐振峰的出现显示了平板的谐振特性,这时平板就不再是纯感性的了。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">至此,很明显,一个低阻的电源供电系统</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">从直流到交流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">是获得低电压波动的关键:减少电感作用,增加电容作用,消除或降低那些谐振峰是设计目标。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">为了降低电源供电系统的阻抗,应遵循以下一些设计准则:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 1&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">降低电源和地板层之间的间距;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 2&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">增大平板的尺寸;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 3&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">提高填充介质的介电常数;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 4&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">采用多对电源和地板层。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">然而,由于制造或一些其他的设计考虑,设计工程师还需要用一些较为灵活的有效的方法来改变电源供电系统的阻抗。为了减小阻抗并且消除那些谐振峰,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">CB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">上放置分立的去耦电容便成为常用的方法。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">显示了在三种不同设置下,用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">Sigrity PowerSI</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">计算得到的电源供电系统的输入阻抗:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> a&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">没有电源整流模块,没有去耦电容放置在板上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> b&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">电源整流模块用短路来模拟,没有去耦电容放置在板上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> c&#46; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">电源整流模块用短路来模拟,去耦电容放置在板上。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">从图中可见,例子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">蓝线,在集成电路芯片的位置处观测到的电源供电系统的输入阻抗在低频时呈现出容性。随着频率的增加,第一个自然谐振峰出现在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">800MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的频率处。此频率的波长正对应了电源地平板的尺寸。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">例子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的绿线,输入阻抗在低频时呈现出感性。这正好对应了从集成电路芯片的位置到电源整流模块处的环路电感。这个环路电感和平板电容一起引入了在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">200MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的谐振峰。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">例子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">c</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的红线,在板上放置了一些去耦电容后,那个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">200MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的谐振峰被移到了很低的频率处</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(&lt;20MHz)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,并且谐振峰的峰值也降低了很多。第一个较强的谐振峰则出现在大约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1GHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">处。由此可见,通过在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">上放置分立的去耦电容,电源供电系统在主要的工作频率范围内可以实现较低的并且是平滑的交流阻抗响应。因此,电源供电系统的噪声也会很低。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <p /></span></p><div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 135pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-top-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="180" border="1"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-TOP: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 3&#46;35pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-LEFT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #86b9d6 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><shape id="_x0000_i1026" style="WIDTH: 414&#46;75pt; HEIGHT: 260&#46;25pt" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:href="http://www&#46;eetchina&#46;com/ARTICLES/2006MAY/B/0605B_DC1_F5&#46;JPG" src="file:///COCUME~1HEJUNP~1LOCALS~1Tempmsohtml1clip_image002&#46;jpg" /></shape><p /></span></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 3&#46;35pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-LEFT: #86b9d6 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3&#46;35pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #86b9d6 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #86B9D6 &#46;75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">图</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">5</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">:针对不同结构仿真计算得到的输入阻抗。不考虑芯片和封装结构</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">红线</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">;考虑封装结构</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">蓝线</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">;考虑芯片、封装和电路板</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">绿线</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><p /></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">在板上放置分立的去耦电容使得设计师可以灵活地调整电源供电系统的阻抗,实现较低的电源地噪声。然而,如何选择放置位置、选用多少以及选用什么样的去耦电容仍旧是一系列的设计问题。因此,对一个特定的设计寻求最佳的去耦解决方案,并使用合适的设计软件以及进行大量的电源供电系统的仿真模拟往往是必须的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <br /><br /></span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">协同设计概念</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">实际上还揭示了另一个非常重要的事实,即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">上放置分立的去耦电容的作用频率范围仅仅能达到几百兆赫兹。频率再高,每个分立去耦电容的寄生电感以及板层和过孔的环路电感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">电容至芯片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">将会极大地降低去耦效果,仅仅通过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">上放置分立的去耦电容是无法进一步降低电源供电系统的输入阻抗的。从几百兆赫兹到更高的频率范围,封装结构的电源供电系统的板间电容,以及封装结构上放置的分立去耦电容将会开始起作用。到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">GHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">频率范围,芯片内电源栅格之间的电容以及芯片内的去耦电容是唯一的去耦解决方案。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">显示了一个例子,红线是一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">上放置一些分立的去耦电容后得到的输入阻抗。第一个谐振峰出现在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">600MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">700MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。在考虑了封装结构后,附加的封装结构的电感将谐振峰移到了大约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">450MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">处,见蓝线。在包括了芯片电源供电系统后,芯片内的去耦电容将那些高频的谐振峰都去掉了,但同时却引入了一个很弱的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">30MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">谐振峰,见绿线。这个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">30MHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的谐振在时域中会体现为高频翻转信号的中频包络上的一个电压波谷。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">芯片内的去耦是很有效的,但代价却是要用去芯片内宝贵的空间和消耗更多的漏电流。将芯片内的去耦电容挪到封装结构上也许是一个很好的折衷方案,但要求设计师拥有从芯片、封装结构到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的整个系统的知识。但通常,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的设计师无法获得芯片和封装结构的设计数据以及相应的仿真软件包。对于集成电路设计师,他们通常不关心下端的封装和电路板的设计。但显然采用协同设计概念对整个系统、芯片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">封装</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">电路板的电源供电系统进行优化分析设计是将来发展的趋势。一些走在电子设计前沿的公司事实上已经这样做了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <br /><br /></span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">参考文献</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><br /><br />International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, 2005 Edition</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><br />Raymond Y&#46;Chen, IBIS Asia Summit, 2005 <a href="http://www&#46;eda&#46;org/pub/ibis/summits/dec05/chen&#46;pdf" target="_blank"><font color="#154ba0">http://www&#46;eda&#46;o ... 05/chen&#46;pdf</font></a> <br />[3]Jiayuan Fang, Jin Zhao, The Power of Planes - Low Impedance Power Delivery over Broad Frequencies, Printed Circuit Design &amp; Manufacturing Magazine, Sept&#46;2003&#46; <br />[4]Om, P&#46;Mandhana, Jin Zhao, &quot;Comparative Study on Effectiveness of On-Chip, On-Package and PCB Decoupling for Core Noise Reduction by Using Broadband Power Delivery Network Models, &quot; 55th Electronic Components &amp; Technology Conference, May 31-June 3, 2005</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <br />[5]Jin Zhao, Michael Leins, &quot;Evaluation and Elimination of PCB Edge Radiation Introduced by Core Switching Noise and I/O Simultaneous Switching Noise, &quot; Technical Presentation at 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 8-12 Aug, 2005, Chicago, Illinois <br />[6]Please find related information at www&#46;Sigrity&#46;com [7]John Kane, &quot;On-Chip Power Integrity, Including Package Effects</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&quot; SOC Central online articles, March 14, 2005&#46; <br /></span><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">作者:赵进</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">高级工程师</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">陈宇哲</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">副总裁</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> Sigrity</span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">公司</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p>

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